The point is that I can't do anything without her.
(¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº ±×³à°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ³ª´Â ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.) [ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ÇöÀç ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ÇöÀç ]
There is no possibility that he will be freed.
(±×°¡ ¼®¹æµÉ °¡´É¼ºÀº ¾ø´Ù.)
[ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ÇöÀç ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ¹Ì·¡ ]
That is not what I meant to say.
(±×°ÍÀº ³»°¡ ¸»ÇÏ·Á°í Çß´ø °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.)
[ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ÇöÀç ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å ]
I will never forget that he insulted me in the public eye.
(³ª´Â ±×°¡ °ø°ø¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ³ª¸¦ ¸ð¿åÇß´ø °ÍÀ» ÀØÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
[ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ¹Ì·¡ ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å ]
I thought that he could win the game.
(³ª´Â ±×°¡ ±× ½ÃÇÕÀ» ÀÌ±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.)
[ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å ]
He said that he had once been to Japan.
(±×´Â ÀϺ»¿¡ ÇÑ ¹ø °¬´Ù ¿Â ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.)
[ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å¿Ï·á ]
She told me that she plays tennis every Sunday morning.
(±×³à´Â ¸ÅÁÖ ÀÏ¿äÀÏ ¾ÆÄ§¸¶´Ù Å״Ͻº¸¦ Ä£´Ù°í ³»°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù.)
[ ÇöÀç °è¼Ó ÁßÀÎ ½À°ü ]
I know that World War II came to an end in 1945.
(³ª´Â 2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀüÀÌ 1945³â¿¡ ³¡³µ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
[ ¿ª»çÀû »ç½Ç ]
I wish your health would be recovered soon.
(´ç½ÅÀÇ °Ç°ÀÌ °ð ȸº¹µÇ±æ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.) [ °¡Á¤¹ý ±¸¹® ]
¿µ¹® ¼ø°£ µ¶ÇØ
1. PRE-READING :
We should know that
¿ì¸®´Â (that ÀÌÇϸ¦) ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
he who never made a mistake
ÇÑ ¹øµµ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷Àº
never accomplished anything.
¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¼ºÃëÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
¾îÈÖ :he who ~ ~ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷
make a mistake ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀúÁö¸£´Ù
accomplish ¼ºÃëÇÏ´Ù, ÀÌ·èÇÏ´Ù
READING :
We should know that /
he who never made a mistake /
never accomplished anything.
ÇÑ ¹øµµ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ¹üÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¼ºÃëÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
3. PRE-READING :
The old man knew
³ëÀÎÀº ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù.
he was going far out,
±×°¡ ¸Ö¸® ³ª°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
and he left the smell of the land behind
±×¸®°í ±×´Â À°ÁöÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ µÚ·Î ÇÏ°í °¬´Ù.
and rowed out into the clean early morning smell of the ocean.
±×¸®°í »óÄèÇÑ À̸¥ ¾ÆÄ§ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù ³¿»õ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î Àú¾î ³ª¾Æ°¬´Ù. //
He saw the phosphorescence of the sea weed in the water
±×´Â ¹Ù´Ù ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇØÃÊÀÇ ÆÄ¶õ ºûÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.
as he rowed over the part of the ocean
±×°¡ ÇØ¿ª À§·Î (¹è¸¦) Àú¾î°¥ ¶§
that the fishermen called the great well.
(±×°÷Àº) ¾îºÎµéÀÌ `Å« »ù'À̶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù.
¾îÈÖ :go far out ¸Ö¸® ³ª¾Æ°¡´Ù
leave ~ behind ~À» µÚ¿¡ ³²°Ü³õ´Ù, ~À» µÚ·Î ÇÏ°í °¡´Ù
row ¹è¸¦ Á£´Ù
phosphorescence ÆÄ¶õ ºû, Àα¤
sea weed ÇØÃÊ
a part of the ocean ÇØ¿ª
well ¿ì¹°, »ù
READING :
The old man knew /
he was going far out, /
and he left the smell of the land behind /
and rowed out into the clean early morning smell of the ocean.
He saw the phosphorescence of the sea weed in the water /
as he rowed over the part of the ocean /
that the fishermen called the great well.
³ëÀÎÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù ¸Ö¸® ³ª°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â À°ÁöÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ µÚ·Î ÇÏ°í »óÄèÇÑ À̸¥ ¾ÆÄ§ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù ³¿»õ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¹è¸¦ Àú¾î ³ª¾Æ°¬´Ù. ¾îºÎµéÀÌ `Å« »ù'À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ÇØ¿ª À§·Î ¹è¸¦ Àú¾î°¥ ¶§ ±×´Â ¹Ù´Ù ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇØÃÊÀÇ ÆÄ¶õ ºûÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.
4. PRE-READING :
In considering the history and development of American English
¹Ì¾î(Ú¸åÞ)ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿Í ¹ß´ÞÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§¿¡
we must remember that
¿ì¸®´Â (that ÀÌÇϸ¦) ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
the courageous bands who ventured westward into the unknown
À§ÇèÀ» ¹«¸¨¾²°í ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ã¾Æ ¼ÂÊÀ¸·Î °£ ¿ë°¨ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº
with Captain John Smith or on board the Mayflower,
Á¸ ½º¹Ìµå ¼±Àå°ú ÇÔ²² ¶Ç´Â ¸ÞÀÌÇöó¿ö È£¸¦ Ÿ°í
as well as those who followed them
±×µéÀ» µÚµû¶ó °£ »ç¶÷µé»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
later in the seventeenth century
17¼¼±â ÈĹݿ¡ were speaking and writing the English language
¿µ¾î¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ°í ¾²°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
as it was currently employed in England.
´ç½Ã ±×°ÍÀÌ[¿µ¾î°¡] ¿µ±¹¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´ø ±×´ë·Î
READING :
In considering the history and development of American English /
we must remember that /
the courageous bands who ventured westward into the unknown /
with Captain John Smith or on board the Mayflower, /
as well as those who followed them /
later in the seventeenth century / were speaking and writing the English language /
as it was currently employed in England.
¹Ì¾î(Ú¸åÞ)ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿Í ¹ß´ÞÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â, Á¸ ½º¹Ìµå ¼±Àå°ú ÇÔ²² ¶Ç´Â ¸ÞÀÌÇöó¿ö È£¸¦ Ÿ°í À§ÇèÀ» ¹«¸¨¾²°í ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ã¾Æ ¼ÂÊÀ¸·Î °£ ¿ë°¨ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé°ú, ¶Ç 17¼¼±â ÈĹݿ¡ ±×µéÀ» µÚµû¶ó °£ »ç¶÷µéÀº ´ç½Ã ¿µ±¹¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´ø ¿µ¾î¸¦ ±×´ë·Î ¸»ÇÏ°í ¾²°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
5. PRE-READING :
The first real clue that something was happening
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡°¡ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀû ´Ü¼°¡
came two months ago,
µÎ ´Þ Àü¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
when the President returned home
±×·±µ¥ ±×¶§ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ±Í±¹Çß´Ù.
after his unsuccessful mission.
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼º°ø½ÃŰÁö ¸øÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡
READING :
The first real clue that something was happening /
came two months ago, /
when the President returned home /
after his unsuccessful mission.
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡°¡ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀû ´Ü¼°¡ µÎ ´Þ Àü¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Âµ¥, ±×¶§ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼º°ø½ÃŰÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ±Í±¹Çß¾ú´Ù.
6. PRE-READING :
I was glad to learn
³ª´Â ¾Ë°í¼ ±â»¼´Ù.
that the mind of man was a function of the brain
Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀº µÎ³úÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ̾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
subject to the laws of cause and effect
Àΰú ¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â
and that these laws were the same as those
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ °Í[¹ýÄ¢]µé°ú ¶È°°¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
that governed the movements of star and atom.
(±×°ÍÀº) º°°ú ¿øÀÚÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» Áö¹èÇß´Ù.
¾îÈÖ :mind Á¤½Å, ¸¶À½
function ±â´É, ÀÛ¿ë
brain µÎ³ú
subject to ~ ~ÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â, ~¿¡ µû¸¥
the law of cause and effect Àΰú ¹ýÄ¢
those = the laws
govern Áö¹èÇÏ´Ù
movement ¿îµ¿, ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ
atom ¿øÀÚ
READING :
I was glad to learn /
that the mind of man was a function of the brain /
subject to the laws of cause and effect /
and that these laws were the same as those /
that governed the movements of star and atom.
Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀº Àΰú ¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â µÎ³úÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ̸ç, ¶Ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢µéÀº º°°ú ¿øÀÚÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ´Â ¹ýÄ¢µé°ú ¶È°°´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í¼ ³ª´Â ±â»¼´Ù.
7. PRE-READING :
Neither the revolution in manufacture nor that in agriculture could have proceeded
Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÇ Çõ¸íÀ̳ª ³ó¾÷ÀÇ Çõ¸íÀº ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
without that series of brilliant inventions
±×·± ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¹ß¸íµéÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é
in transportation and communication
±³Åë°ú Åë½Å¿¡¼ÀÇ
which have bound country to city, nation to nation, and continent to continent.
(±×°ÍÀº) ½Ã°ñ°ú µµ½Ã, ±¹°¡¿Í ±¹°¡, ±×¸®°í ´ë·ú°ú ´ë·úÀ» ¿¬°á½ÃÄÑÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
¾îÈÖ :revolution Çõ¸í
manufacture Á¦Á¶¾÷
that in agriculture = the revolution in agriculture
agriculture ³ó¾÷
proceed ÀϾ´Ù, »ý±â´Ù; ÀüÁøÇÏ´Ù
series of ~ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ~
brilliant Âù¶õÇÑ, ÈǸ¢ÇÑ
invention ¹ß¸í
transportation ±³Åë
communication Åë½Å
bind A to B A¿Í B¸¦ ¿¬°á½ÃŰ´Ù
continent ´ë·ú
READING :
Neither the revolution in manufacture nor that in agriculture
could have proceeded /
without that series of brilliant inventions /
in transportation and communication /
which have bound country to city,
nation to nation,
and continent to continent.
½Ã°ñ°ú µµ½Ã, ±¹°¡¿Í ±¹°¡, ±×¸®°í ´ë·ú°ú ´ë·úÀ» ¿¬°á½ÃÄÑÁØ ±³Åë°ú Åë½Å ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼ÀÇ ±×·± ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¹ß¸íµéÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÇ Çõ¸íÀ̳ª ³ó¾÷ÀÇ Çõ¸íÀº ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
9. PRE-READING :
The appearance of a comet in the sky
Çϴÿ¡¼ÀÇ Çý¼ºÀÇ ÃâÇöÀº caused whole nations in earlier days to tremble with fear
¿¹Àü¿¡´Â ¿Â ±¹¹ÎµéÀ» µÎ·Á¿ò¿¡ ¶³°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
because nothing was known
¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡
of the nature and movements of these bodies.
ÀÌ·± õüµéÀÇ º»Áú°ú ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ °üÇØ¼ //
From the time that Newton showed that
´ºÆ°ÀÌ (that ÀÌÇϸ¦) Áõ¸íÇÑ ¶§ºÎÅÍ
comets travel round the sun
Çý¼ºÀº žç ÁÖÀ§¸¦ ¿îÇàÇÑ´Ù.
in definite paths
Á¤ÇØÁø ±æ·Î
under the control of gravitational attraction,
Áß·ÂÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ¼
the feeling of awe and anxiety
µÎ·Á¿ò°ú °ÆÁ¤ÀÇ °¨Á¤Àº
produced by such celestial visitors
±×·¯ÇÑ Ãµ»óÀÇ ¹æ¹®ÀÚµé·Î ÀÎÇØ »ý°Ü³ has been diminishing.
ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¾îÈÖ :appearance of a comet Çý¼ºÀÇ ÃâÇö
cause ¾ß±â½ÃŰ´Ù, ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Ù
tremble ¶³´Ù, ¿°·ÁÇÏ´Ù
fear µÎ·Á¿ò
nature º»Áú
movement ¿îµ¿, ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ
body õü
show ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù, Áõ¸íÇÏ´Ù
in a definite path Á¤ÇØÁø ±æ·Î
gravitational attraction Áß·Â
under the control of gravitational attraction Áß·ÂÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ
feeling °¨Á¤
awe µÎ·Á¿ò, °æÀÇ
anxiety °ÆÁ¤, ±Ù½É
produce »ý±â°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, »êÃâÇÏ´Ù
celestial ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ, õ»óÀÇ
diminish ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ÁÙÀÌ´Ù
READING :
The appearance of a comet in the sky / caused whole nations in earlier days to tremble with fear /
because nothing was known /
of the nature and movements of these bodies.
From the time that Newton showed that /
comets travel round the sun /
in definite paths /
under the control of gravitational attraction, /
the feeling of awe and anxiety /
produced by such celestial visitors / has been diminishing.
ÀÌ·± õüµéÀÇ º»Áú°ú ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ °üÇØ¼´Â ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Çϴÿ¡ Çý¼ºÀÌ ÃâÇöÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ¿¹Àü¿¡´Â ¿Â ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ µÎ·Á¿òÀ¸·Î ¶³¾î¾ß Çß´Ù. Çý¼ºÀº Á߷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÏÁ¤ ±Ëµµ¸¦ µû¶ó žç ÁÖÀ§¸¦ ¿îÇàÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ´ºÆ°ÀÌ Áõ¸íÇÑ ¶§ºÎÅÍ ±×·¯ÇÑ Ãµ»óÀÇ ¹æ¹®ÀÚµé·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾ß±âµÇ¾ú´ø µÎ·Á¿ò°ú °ÆÁ¤Àº ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¾îÈÖ :gather ¸ðÀ¸´Ù, äÁýÇÏ´Ù
be in control of ~ ~À» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù, Áö¹èÇÏ´Ù
environment ȯ°æ
interact ¼·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Ù, ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Ù
surroundings ÁÖÀ§ »óȲ, ȯ°æ
lower organism ÇÏµî µ¿¹°
make fire ºÒÀ» ÇÇ¿ì´Ù
become capable of ~ ~À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ´Ù
alter °íÄ¡´Ù, º¯°æÇÏ´Ù
provide ~ with ... ~¿¡°Ô ...À» °ø±ÞÇÏ´Ù
fuel ¿¬·á
strip (²®ÁúÀ») ¹þ±â´Ù
bark ³ª¹« ²®Áú
cause ¾ß±âÇÏ´Ù, ~ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Ù
clearing (½£¼ÓÀÇ) °³°£Áö
forest ½£
grazing area ¸ñÃÊÁö, ¹æ¸ñÁö
wild animal ¾ß»ý µ¿¹°
feed on ~ ~À» ¸ÔÀÌ·Î ÇÏ´Ù
READING :
When early humans hunted and gathered food, /
they were not in control of their environment.
They could only interact with their surrounding /
as lower organisms did.
When humans learned to make fire, however, /
they became capable of altering their environment.
To provide themselves with fuel, /
they stripped bark from trees, /
causing the trees to die.
Clearings were burned in forests /
to increase the growth of grass /
and provide a greater grazing area /
for the wild animals that humans fed upon.
ÃʱâÀÇ Àΰ£µéÀÌ »ç³ÉÀ» ÇÏ°í ½Ä·®À» äÃëÇÏ´ø ¶§¿¡, ±×µéÀº ȯ°æÀ» Áö¹èÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÇÏµî µ¿¹°°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ÁÖÀ§ÀÇ È¯°æ°ú »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ» »ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àΰ£ÀÌ ºÒ ÇÇ¿ì´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¸é¼, ±×µéÀº ȯ°æÀ» º¯È½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¬·á¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ ³ª¹« ²®ÁúÀ» ¹þ°åÀ¸¸ç, ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ ³ª¹«µéÀÌ Á×°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸ñÃÊÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» ´Ã¸®°í, Àΰ£µéÀÌ ¸ÔÀÌ·Î Çß´ø ¾ß»ý µ¿¹°µé¿¡°Ô ´õ Å« ¹æ¸ñÁö¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ±â À§ÇØ ½£¼ÓÀÇ °³°£Áö¿¡ ºÒÀ» Áö¸£°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¹®Á¦ Ç®ÀÌ
1. The permission that ______________ to build the
3. roads was granted.
3. (A) will be needed
3. (B) was needed
3. (C) needs
3. (D) have been needed
¾îÈÖ :
permission Çã¶ô, Çã°¡ / build a road
µµ·Î¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÏ´Ù / grant ½ÂÀÎÇÏ´Ù
ÇØ¼³ :
ÁÖÀýÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦°¡ was grantedÇÏ°í °ú°ÅÀ̹ǷΠthatÀý
¼ÓÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â °ú°Å³ª °ú°Å¿Ï·á°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. thatÀº
ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼ ¼±Çà»ç´Â the permissionÀÌ´Ù.
2. When she entered the room, he _____________
3. beside the center table grinning expectantly.
3. (A) stands
3. (B) has stood
3. (C) was standing
3. (D) is standing
3. The politician declared that his party
3. ______________ for social security.
3. (A) always stood
3. (B) have always stood
3. (C) has always stood
3. (D) had always stood
¾îÈÖ :
politician Á¤Ä¡°¡ / declare ¼±¾ðÇÏ´Ù, ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ´Ù /
social security »çȸº¸Àå / stand for ~ ~À» ÁöÁöÇÏ´Ù