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½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡

(1) ÁÖÀý°ú Á¾¼ÓÀý, ±×¸®°í ½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡
 
   I found that he had already left.
   (³ª´Â ±×°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¶°³µ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù.)
 
À§ÀÇ ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ thatÀÌÇÏÀÇ ºÎºÐ, Áï that he had already left´Â foundÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÇ´Â ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î¼­ that Àý ³»¿¡´Â "ÁÖ¾î (he)+µ¿»ç(had left)"°¡ ³»Æ÷µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç¸¦ °¡Áø ¹®ÀåÀ» ÀýÀ̶ó Çϴµ¥, ¿©±â¿¡¼­ thatÀÌ À̲ô´Â ÀýÀº ´Ù½Ã I foundÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ µÇ´Â Á¾¼ÓÀûÀÎ ÀÔÀå¿¡ ÀÖ¾î À̸¦ Á¾¼ÓÀýÀ̶ó Çϸç, I found´Â ÁÖÀýÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
 
Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ ÇöÀç³Ä °ú°Å³Ä¿¡ µû¶ó Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ ÇöÀç, ÇöÀç¿Ï·á, ¹Ì·¡ÀÏ ¶§´Â Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â Àǹ̿¡ µû¶ó ÀÓÀÇÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ °ú°ÅÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â °ú°Å³ª °ú°Å¿Ï·á°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß¸¸ Çϴµ¥ À̸¦ ¹Ù·Î ½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.

  • The point is that I can't do anything without her. 
    (¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀº ±×³à°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ³ª´Â ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)  [ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ÇöÀç ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ÇöÀç ] 
     
  • There is no possibility that he will be freed. 
    (±×°¡ ¼®¹æµÉ °¡´É¼ºÀº ¾ø´Ù.)  
    [ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ÇöÀç ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ¹Ì·¡ ] 
     
  • That is not what I meant to say. 
    (±×°ÍÀº ³»°¡ ¸»ÇÏ·Á°í Çß´ø °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.)  
    [ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ÇöÀç ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å ] 
     
  • I will never forget that he insulted me in the public eye. 
    (³ª´Â ±×°¡ °ø°ø¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ³ª¸¦ ¸ð¿åÇß´ø °ÍÀ» ÀØÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)  
    [ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - ¹Ì·¡ ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å ] 
     
  • I thought that he could win the game. 
    (³ª´Â ±×°¡ ±× ½ÃÇÕÀ» ÀÌ±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù.)  
    [ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å ] 
     
  • He said that he had once been to Japan. 
    (±×´Â ÀϺ»¿¡ ÇÑ ¹ø °¬´Ù ¿Â ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.)  
    [ ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å ; Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç - °ú°Å¿Ï·á ] 

(2) ½ÃÁ¦ ÀÏÄ¡ÀÇ ¿¹¿Ü
 
Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÌ ºÒº¯ÀÇ Áø¸®³ª ÇöÀç¿¡µµ °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ½À°üÀ» ±â¼úÇϰí ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ÁÖÀýÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ Ç×»ó ÇöÀç½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ¾²°í, Á¾¼ÓÀýÀÌ ¿ª»çÀû »ç½ÇÀ» ±â¼úÇÒ ¶§´Â Ç×»ó °ú°ÅÇüÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ. ¶Ç °¡Á¤¹ý ±¸¹®¿¡¼­µµ ½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

  • He did not know that most stars are bigger than the earth. 
    (´ëºÎºÐÀÇ º°µéÀº Áö±¸º¸´Ù Å©´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ±×´Â ¸ô¶ú´Ù.)  
    [ ºÒº¯ÀÇ Áø¸® ] 
     
  • She told me that she plays tennis every Sunday morning. 
    (±×³à´Â ¸ÅÁÖ ÀÏ¿äÀÏ ¾ÆÄ§¸¶´Ù Å״Ͻº¸¦ Ä£´Ù°í ³»°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù.)
    [ ÇöÀç °è¼Ó ÁßÀÎ ½À°ü ] 
     
  • I know that World War II came to an end in 1945. 
    (³ª´Â 2Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀüÀÌ 1945³â¿¡ ³¡³µ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.)  
    [ ¿ª»çÀû »ç½Ç ] 
     
  • I wish your health would be recovered soon. 
    (´ç½ÅÀÇ °Ç°­ÀÌ °ð ȸº¹µÇ±æ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.)  [ °¡Á¤¹ý ±¸¹® ] 




 
¿µ¹® ¼ø°£ µ¶ÇØ           


1.
 
PRE-READING :
 
We should know that
 
¿ì¸®´Â (that ÀÌÇϸ¦) ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
 
he who never made a mistake
 
ÇÑ ¹øµµ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷Àº
 
never accomplished anything.
 
¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¼ºÃëÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.
 

¾îÈÖ :  he who ~ ~ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷  make a mistake ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀúÁö¸£´Ù  accomplish ¼ºÃëÇÏ´Ù, ÀÌ·èÇÏ´Ù

 
READING :    
 
We should know that /
he who never made a mistake /
never accomplished anything.
 
ÇÑ ¹øµµ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ¹üÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¼ºÃëÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
 


2.
 
PRE-READING :
 
It is easy to say that
 
(that ÀÌÇϸ¦) ¸»Çϱâ´Â ½±´Ù.
 
the countries of Asia must know
 
¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
 
more about the United States
 
¹Ì±¹¿¡ °üÇØ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ»
 
in order to do justice to her.
 
±×³à¸¦[¹Ì±¹À»] ¿Ã¹Ù·Î Æò°¡Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© //
 
But the United States also must know
 
±×·¯³ª ¹Ì±¹µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
 
more about Asia, its dominant moods, its problems and hopes.
 
¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ °¨Á¤, ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡µé°ú Èñ¸Á¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ»
 

¾îÈÖ :  in order to do ~Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©  do justice to ~ ~¸¦ °øÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ´Ù·ç´Ù, ~À» ¿Ã¹Ù·Î Æò°¡ÇÏ´Ù  her = the United States  dominant Áö¹èÀûÀÎ  mood ±âºÐ, °¨Á¤

 
READING :    
 
It is easy to say that /
the countries of Asia must know /
more about the United States /
in order to do justice to her.
 
But the United States also must know /
more about Asia, its dominant moods, its problems and hopes.
 
¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ±¹°¡µéÀÌ ¹Ì±¹À» ¿Ã¹Ù·Î Æò°¡Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹¿¡ °üÇØ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»Çϱâ´Â ½±´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ì±¹µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ °¨Á¤, ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡°ú Èñ¸Á¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
 


3.
 
PRE-READING :
 
The old man knew
 
³ëÀÎÀº ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù.
 
he was going far out,
 
±×°¡ ¸Ö¸® ³ª°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
 
and he left the smell of the land behind
 
±×¸®°í ±×´Â À°ÁöÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ µÚ·Î ÇÏ°í °¬´Ù.
 
and rowed out into the clean early morning smell of the ocean.
 
±×¸®°í »óÄèÇÑ À̸¥ ¾ÆÄ§ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù ³¿»õ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î Àú¾î ³ª¾Æ°¬´Ù. //
 
He saw the phosphorescence of the sea weed in the water
 
±×´Â ¹Ù´Ù ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇØÃÊÀÇ ÆÄ¶õ ºûÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.
 
as he rowed over the part of the ocean
 
±×°¡ ÇØ¿ª À§·Î (¹è¸¦) Àú¾î°¥ ¶§
 
that the fishermen called the great well.
 
(±×°÷Àº) ¾îºÎµéÀÌ `Å« »ù'À̶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù.
 

¾îÈÖ :  go far out ¸Ö¸® ³ª¾Æ°¡´Ù  leave ~ behind ~À» µÚ¿¡ ³²°Ü³õ´Ù, ~À» µÚ·Î ÇÏ°í °¡´Ù  row ¹è¸¦ Á£´Ù  phosphorescence ÆÄ¶õ ºû, Àα¤  sea weed ÇØÃÊ  a part of the ocean ÇØ¿ª  well ¿ì¹°, »ù

 
READING :    
 
The old man knew /
he was going far out, /
and he left the smell of the land behind /
and rowed out into the clean early morning smell of the ocean.
 
He saw the phosphorescence of the sea weed in the water /
as he rowed over the part of the ocean /
that the fishermen called the great well.
 
³ëÀÎÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù ¸Ö¸® ³ª°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â À°ÁöÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ µÚ·Î ÇÏ°í »óÄèÇÑ À̸¥ ¾ÆÄ§ÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù ³¿»õ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¹è¸¦ Àú¾î ³ª¾Æ°¬´Ù. ¾îºÎµéÀÌ `Å« »ù'À̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ÇØ¿ª À§·Î ¹è¸¦ Àú¾î°¥ ¶§ ±×´Â ¹Ù´Ù ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇØÃÊÀÇ ÆÄ¶õ ºûÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.
 


4.
 
PRE-READING :
 
In considering the history and development of American English
 
¹Ì¾î(Ú¸åÞ)ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿Í ¹ß´ÞÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§¿¡
 
we must remember that
 
¿ì¸®´Â (that ÀÌÇϸ¦) ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
 
the courageous bands who ventured westward into the unknown
 
À§ÇèÀ» ¹«¸¨¾²°í ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ã¾Æ ¼­ÂÊÀ¸·Î °£ ¿ë°¨ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº
 
with Captain John Smith or on board the Mayflower,
 
Á¸ ½º¹Ìµå ¼±Àå°ú ÇÔ²² ¶Ç´Â ¸ÞÀÌÇöó¿ö È£¸¦ Ÿ°í
 
as well as those who followed them
 
±×µéÀ» µÚµû¶ó °£ »ç¶÷µé»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó
 
later in the seventeenth century
 
17¼¼±â ÈĹݿ¡
 
were speaking and writing the English language
 
¿µ¾î¸¦ ¸»ÇÏ°í ¾²°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
 
as it was currently employed in England.
 
´ç½Ã ±×°ÍÀÌ[¿µ¾î°¡] ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´ø ±×´ë·Î
 

¾îÈÖ :  consider °í·ÁÇÏ´Ù, »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù  American English ¹Ì½Ä ¿µ¾î  courageous ¿ë°¨ÇÑ  band ÇÑ ¶¼, ¹«¸®  venture À§ÇèÀ» ¹«¸¨¾²°í ~ÇÏ´Ù  westward ¼­ÂÊÀ¸·Î  the unknown ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ¼¼°è  on board (¹è, ±âÂ÷¿¡) Ÿ°í  the Mayflower ¸ÞÀÌÇöó¿ö È£ [1620³â 102¸íÀÇ Ã»±³µµµéÀÌ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ½Å´ë·úÀ¸·Î °Ç³Ê °¥ ¶§ Ÿ°í °¬´ø ¹è. À̵é û±³µµµéÀ» Pilgrim Fathers¶ó ÇÑ´Ù.]  as well as ~ ~»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó  follow ~À» µÚµû¸£´Ù  currently ÇöÀç, Áö±Ý; ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î, ³Î¸®  be employed »ç¿ëµÇ´Ù, ¾²¿©Áö´Ù

 
READING :    
 
In considering the history and development of American English /
we must remember that /
the courageous bands who ventured westward into the unknown /
with Captain John Smith or on board the Mayflower, /
as well as those who followed them /
later in the seventeenth century /
were speaking and writing the English language /
as it was currently employed in England.
 
¹Ì¾î(Ú¸åÞ)ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿Í ¹ß´ÞÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â, Á¸ ½º¹Ìµå ¼±Àå°ú ÇÔ²² ¶Ç´Â ¸ÞÀÌÇöó¿ö È£¸¦ Ÿ°í À§ÇèÀ» ¹«¸¨¾²°í ¹ÌÁöÀÇ ¼¼°è¸¦ ã¾Æ ¼­ÂÊÀ¸·Î °£ ¿ë°¨ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé°ú, ¶Ç 17¼¼±â ÈĹݿ¡ ±×µéÀ» µÚµû¶ó °£ »ç¶÷µéÀº ´ç½Ã ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´ø ¿µ¾î¸¦ ±×´ë·Î ¸»ÇÏ°í ¾²°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
 


5.
 
PRE-READING :
 
The first real clue that something was happening
 
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡°¡ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀû ´Ü¼­°¡
 
came two months ago,
 
µÎ ´Þ Àü¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
 
when the President returned home
 
±×·±µ¥ ±×¶§ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ±Í±¹Çß´Ù.
 
after his unsuccessful mission.
 
ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼º°ø½ÃŰÁö ¸øÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡
 

¾îÈÖ :  real ½ÇÀçÇÏ´Â, Çö½ÇÀÇ, ½ÇÁ¦ÀÇ  clue ´Ü¼­, ½Ç¸¶¸®  come ³ªÅ¸³ª´Ù  return µ¹¾Æ¿À´Ù  unsuccessful ¼º°øÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ, ¼º°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ  mission ÀÓ¹«, »ç¸í

 
READING :    
 
The first real clue that something was happening /
came two months ago, /
when the President returned home /
after his unsuccessful mission.
 
¹«¾ùÀΰ¡°¡ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀû ´Ü¼­°¡ µÎ ´Þ Àü¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Âµ¥, ±×¶§ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼º°ø½ÃŰÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ±Í±¹Çß¾ú´Ù.
 


6.
 
PRE-READING :
 
I was glad to learn
 
³ª´Â ¾Ë°í¼­ ±â»¼´Ù.
 
that the mind of man was a function of the brain
 
Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀº µÎ³úÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ̾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
 
subject to the laws of cause and effect
 
Àΰú ¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â
 
and that these laws were the same as those
 
±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢µéÀº ±×·¯ÇÑ °Í[¹ýÄ¢]µé°ú ¶È°°¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
 
that governed the movements of star and atom.
 
(±×°ÍÀº) º°°ú ¿øÀÚÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» Áö¹èÇß´Ù.
 

¾îÈÖ :  mind Á¤½Å, ¸¶À½  function ±â´É, ÀÛ¿ë  brain µÎ³ú  subject to ~ ~ÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â, ~¿¡ µû¸¥  the law of cause and effect Àΰú ¹ýÄ¢  those = the laws  govern Áö¹èÇÏ´Ù  movement ¿îµ¿, ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ  atom ¿øÀÚ

 
READING :    
 
I was glad to learn /
that the mind of man was a function of the brain /
subject to the laws of cause and effect /
and that these laws were the same as those /
that governed the movements of star and atom.
 
Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀº Àΰú ¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ´Â µÎ³úÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ̸ç, ¶Ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ýÄ¢µéÀº º°°ú ¿øÀÚÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ´Â ¹ýÄ¢µé°ú ¶È°°´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í¼­ ³ª´Â ±â»¼´Ù.
 


7.
 
PRE-READING :
 
Neither the revolution in manufacture nor that in agriculture could have proceeded
 
Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÇ Çõ¸íÀ̳ª ³ó¾÷ÀÇ Çõ¸íÀº ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
 
without that series of brilliant inventions
 
±×·± ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¹ß¸íµéÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é
 
in transportation and communication
 
±³Åë°ú Åë½Å¿¡¼­ÀÇ
 
which have bound country to city, nation to nation, and continent to continent.
 
(±×°ÍÀº) ½Ã°ñ°ú µµ½Ã, ±¹°¡¿Í ±¹°¡, ±×¸®°í ´ë·ú°ú ´ë·úÀ» ¿¬°á½ÃÄÑÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
 

¾îÈÖ :  revolution Çõ¸í  manufacture Á¦Á¶¾÷  that in agriculture = the revolution in agriculture  agriculture ³ó¾÷  proceed ÀϾ´Ù, »ý±â´Ù; ÀüÁøÇÏ´Ù  series of ~ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ~  brilliant Âù¶õÇÑ, ÈǸ¢ÇÑ  invention ¹ß¸í  transportation ±³Åë  communication Åë½Å  bind A to B A¿Í B¸¦ ¿¬°á½ÃŰ´Ù  continent ´ë·ú

 
READING :    
 
Neither the revolution in manufacture nor that in agriculture could have proceeded /
without that series of brilliant inventions /
in transportation and communication /
which have bound country to city, nation to nation, and continent to continent.
 
½Ã°ñ°ú µµ½Ã, ±¹°¡¿Í ±¹°¡, ±×¸®°í ´ë·ú°ú ´ë·úÀ» ¿¬°á½ÃÄÑÁØ ±³Åë°ú Åë½Å ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±×·± ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ ¹ß¸íµéÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÇ Çõ¸íÀ̳ª ³ó¾÷ÀÇ Çõ¸íÀº ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
 


8.
 
PRE-READING :
 
During the early American colonial years,
 
Ãʱ⠹̱¹ ½Ä¹ÎÁö ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â
 
corn was more plentiful than wheat,
 
¿Á¼ö¼ö°¡ ¹Ðº¸´Ù ´õ dzºÎÇß´Ù.
 
so corn bread was more common than wheat bread.
 
±×·¡¼­ ¿Á¼ö¼ö»§ÀÌ ¹Ð»§º¸´Ù ´õ ÈçÇß´Ù. //
 
Friendly Indians showed colonists
 
È£ÀÇÀûÀÎ Àεð¾ðµéÀÌ ½Ä¹ÎÁö °³Ã´Àڵ鿡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
 
how to grow corn
 
¿Á¼ö¼ö¸¦ Àç¹èÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ»
 
and how to prepare it for food
 
±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀ» À½½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿ä¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ»
 
and pioneer women then improved the Indian cooking techniques.
 
±×¸®°í °³Ã´Áö ¿©ÀÚµéÀº Àεð¾ðÀÇ ¿ä¸®¹ýÀ» °³¼±½ÃÄ×´Ù.
 

¾îÈÖ :  colonial ½Ä¹ÎÁöÀÇ  corn ¿Á¼ö¼ö  plentiful dzºÎÇÑ  wheat ¹Ð  common ÈçÇÑ  friendly È£ÀÇÀûÀÎ  colonist ½Ä¹ÎÁö °³Ã´ÀÚ  how to grow corn ¿Á¼ö¼ö Àç¹è ¹æ¹ý  prepare it for food ±×°Í[¿Á¼ö¼ö]¸¦ ¿ä¸®ÇÏ´Ù  how to prepare it for food ±×°Í[¿Á¼ö¼ö]ÀÇ ¿ä¸® ¹æ¹ý  pioneer °³Ã´ÀÚ  improve °³¼±ÇÏ´Ù  technique ±â¼ú, ±â¹ý  cooking technique ¿ä¸®¹ý

 
READING :    
 
During the early American colonial years, /
corn was more plentiful than wheat, /
so corn bread was more common than wheat bread.
 
Friendly Indians showed colonists /
how to grow corn /
and how to prepare it for food /
and pioneer women then improved the Indian cooking techniques.
 
Ãʱ⠹̱¹ ½Ä¹ÎÁö ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â ¿Á¼ö¼ö°¡ ¹Ðº¸´Ù ´õ dzºÎÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¿Á¼ö¼ö»§ÀÌ ¹Ð»§º¸´Ù ´õ ÈçÇß´Ù. È£ÀÇÀûÀÎ Àεð¾ðµéÀÌ ½Ä¹ÎÁö °³Ã´Àڵ鿡°Ô ¿Á¼ö¼ö¸¦ Àç¹èÇÏ´Â ¹ý°ú ±×°ÍÀ» À½½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿ä¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ» °¡¸£ÃÄ ÁÖ¾ú°í, °³Ã´Áö ¿©ÀÚµéÀº Àεð¾ðÀÇ ¿ä¸®¹ýÀ» °³¼±½ÃÄ×´Ù.
 


9.
 
PRE-READING :
 
The appearance of a comet in the sky
 
Çϴÿ¡¼­ÀÇ Çý¼ºÀÇ ÃâÇöÀº
 
caused whole nations in earlier days to tremble with fear
 
¿¹Àü¿¡´Â ¿Â ±¹¹ÎµéÀ» µÎ·Á¿ò¿¡ ¶³°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
 
because nothing was known
 
¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡
 
of the nature and movements of these bodies.
 
ÀÌ·± õüµéÀÇ º»Áú°ú ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ °üÇØ¼­ //
 
From the time that Newton showed that
 
´ºÆ°ÀÌ (that ÀÌÇϸ¦) Áõ¸íÇÑ ¶§ºÎÅÍ
 
comets travel round the sun
 
Çý¼ºÀº žç ÁÖÀ§¸¦ ¿îÇàÇÑ´Ù.
 
in definite paths
 
Á¤ÇØÁø ±æ·Î
 
under the control of gravitational attraction,
 
Áß·ÂÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ¼­
 
the feeling of awe and anxiety
 
µÎ·Á¿ò°ú °ÆÁ¤ÀÇ °¨Á¤Àº
 
produced by such celestial visitors
 
±×·¯ÇÑ Ãµ»óÀÇ ¹æ¹®ÀÚµé·Î ÀÎÇØ »ý°Ü³­
 
has been diminishing.
 
ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
 

¾îÈÖ :  appearance of a comet Çý¼ºÀÇ ÃâÇö  cause ¾ß±â½ÃŰ´Ù, ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Ù  tremble ¶³´Ù, ¿°·ÁÇÏ´Ù  fear µÎ·Á¿ò  nature º»Áú  movement ¿îµ¿, ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ  body õü  show ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù, Áõ¸íÇÏ´Ù  in a definite path Á¤ÇØÁø ±æ·Î  gravitational attraction Áß·Â  under the control of gravitational attraction Áß·ÂÀÇ Áö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ  feeling °¨Á¤  awe µÎ·Á¿ò, °æÀÇ  anxiety °ÆÁ¤, ±Ù½É  produce »ý±â°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, »êÃâÇÏ´Ù  celestial ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ, õ»óÀÇ  diminish ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ÁÙÀÌ´Ù

 
READING :    
 
The appearance of a comet in the sky /
caused whole nations in earlier days to tremble with fear /
because nothing was known /
of the nature and movements of these bodies.
 
From the time that Newton showed that /
comets travel round the sun /
in definite paths /
under the control of gravitational attraction, /
the feeling of awe and anxiety /
produced by such celestial visitors /
has been diminishing.
 
ÀÌ·± õüµéÀÇ º»Áú°ú ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ °üÇØ¼­´Â ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Çϴÿ¡ Çý¼ºÀÌ ÃâÇöÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ¿¹Àü¿¡´Â ¿Â ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ µÎ·Á¿òÀ¸·Î ¶³¾î¾ß Çß´Ù. Çý¼ºÀº Á߷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÏÁ¤ ±Ëµµ¸¦ µû¶ó žç ÁÖÀ§¸¦ ¿îÇàÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ´ºÆ°ÀÌ Áõ¸íÇÑ ¶§ºÎÅÍ ±×·¯ÇÑ Ãµ»óÀÇ ¹æ¹®ÀÚµé·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾ß±âµÇ¾ú´ø µÎ·Á¿ò°ú °ÆÁ¤Àº ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
 


10.
 
PRE-READING :
 
When early humans hunted and gathered food,
 
ÃʱâÀÇ Àΰ£µéÀÌ »ç³ÉÀ» ÇÏ°í ½Ä·®À» äÃëÇÏ´ø ¶§¿¡
 
they were not in control of their environment.
 
±×µéÀº ȯ°æÀ» Áö¹èÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. //
 
They could only interact with their surrounding
 
±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ÁÖÀ§ ȯ°æ°ú »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ» »ÓÀ̾ú´Ù.
 
as lower organisms did.
 
ÇÏµî µ¿¹°µéÀÌ ÇÑ °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î //
 
When humans learned to make fire, however,
 
±×·¯³ª, Àΰ£ÀÌ ºÒ ÇÇ¿ì´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§
 
they became capable of altering their environment.
 
±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ È¯°æÀ» º¯È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. //
 
To provide themselves with fuel,
 
Àڽŵ鿡°Ô ¿¬·á¸¦ °ø±ÞÇϱâ À§ÇØ [¿¬·á¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ]
 
they stripped bark from trees,
 
±×µéÀº ³ª¹«¿¡¼­ ²®ÁúÀ» ¹þ°å´Ù.
 
causing the trees to die.
 
³ª¹«µéÀÌ Á×µµ·Ï Çϸ鼭 //
 
Clearings were burned in forests
 
½£¼ÓÀÇ °³°£Áö¿¡´Â ºÒÀÌ ºÙ¿©Á³´Ù.
 
to increase the growth of grass
 
¸ñÃÊÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» ´Ã¸®±â À§ÇØ
 
and provide a greater grazing area
 
±×¸®°í ´õ Å« ¹æ¸ñÁö¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ±â À§ÇØ
 
for the wild animals that humans fed upon.
 
Àΰ£µéÀÌ ¸ÔÀÌ·Î Çß´ø ¾ß»ý µ¿¹°µéÀ» À§ÇÑ
 

¾îÈÖ :  gather ¸ðÀ¸´Ù, äÁýÇÏ´Ù  be in control of ~ ~À» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù, Áö¹èÇÏ´Ù  environment ȯ°æ  interact ¼­·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Ù, ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Ù  surroundings ÁÖÀ§ »óȲ, ȯ°æ  lower organism ÇÏµî µ¿¹°  make fire ºÒÀ» ÇÇ¿ì´Ù  become capable of ~ ~À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ´Ù  alter °íÄ¡´Ù, º¯°æÇÏ´Ù  provide ~ with ... ~¿¡°Ô ...À» °ø±ÞÇÏ´Ù  fuel ¿¬·á  strip (²®ÁúÀ») ¹þ±â´Ù  bark ³ª¹« ²®Áú  cause ¾ß±âÇÏ´Ù, ~ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Ù  clearing (½£¼ÓÀÇ) °³°£Áö  forest ½£  grazing area ¸ñÃÊÁö, ¹æ¸ñÁö  wild animal ¾ß»ý µ¿¹°  feed on ~ ~À» ¸ÔÀÌ·Î ÇÏ´Ù

 
READING :    
 
When early humans hunted and gathered food, /
they were not in control of their environment.
 
They could only interact with their surrounding /
as lower organisms did.
 
When humans learned to make fire, however, /
they became capable of altering their environment.
 
To provide themselves with fuel, /
they stripped bark from trees, /
causing the trees to die.
 
Clearings were burned in forests /
to increase the growth of grass /
and provide a greater grazing area /
for the wild animals that humans fed upon.
 
ÃʱâÀÇ Àΰ£µéÀÌ »ç³ÉÀ» ÇÏ°í ½Ä·®À» äÃëÇÏ´ø ¶§¿¡, ±×µéÀº ȯ°æÀ» Áö¹èÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÇÏµî µ¿¹°°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ÁÖÀ§ÀÇ È¯°æ°ú »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ» »ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àΰ£ÀÌ ºÒ ÇÇ¿ì´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¸é¼­, ±×µéÀº ȯ°æÀ» º¯È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿¬·á¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ ³ª¹« ²®ÁúÀ» ¹þ°åÀ¸¸ç, ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ ³ª¹«µéÀÌ Á×°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸ñÃÊÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» ´Ã¸®°í, Àΰ£µéÀÌ ¸ÔÀÌ·Î Çß´ø ¾ß»ý µ¿¹°µé¿¡°Ô ´õ Å« ¹æ¸ñÁö¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÖ±â À§ÇØ ½£¼ÓÀÇ °³°£Áö¿¡ ºÒÀ» Áö¸£°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.





 
¹®Á¦ Ç®ÀÌ           


1.  The permission that ______________ to build the
3.  roads was granted.
3.  (A) will be needed
3.  (B) was needed
3.  (C) needs
3.  (D) have been needed

  • ¾îÈÖ :  permission Çã¶ô, Çã°¡ / build a road µµ·Î¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÏ´Ù / grant ½ÂÀÎÇÏ´Ù 
     
  • ÇØ¼³ :  ÁÖÀýÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦°¡ was grantedÇÏ°í °ú°ÅÀ̹ǷΠthatÀý ¼ÓÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â °ú°Å³ª °ú°Å¿Ï·á°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. thatÀº ÁÖ°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç·Î¼­ ¼±Çà»ç´Â the permissionÀÌ´Ù. 
     
  • Á¤´ä :  (B) ±× µµ·Î °Ç¼³¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Çã°¡°¡ ½ÂÀεǾú´Ù. 


2.  When she entered the room, he _____________
3.  beside the center table grinning expectantly.
3.  (A) stands
3.  (B) has stood
3.  (C) was standing
3.  (D) is standing

  • ¾îÈÖ :  beside ~ ¿·¿¡ / grin ¾¿ ¿ô´Ù, È÷Á×È÷Á× ¿ô´Ù / expectantly ±â´Ù·È´Ù´ÂµíÀÌ 
     
  • ÇØ¼³ :  whenÀÌ À̲ô´Â ºÎ»çÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â °ú°ÅÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ÁÖÀý¿¡¼­µµ °ú°Å°¡ ¾²¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 
     
  • Á¤´ä :  (C) ±×³à°¡ ¹æ¿¡ µé¾î°¬À» ¶§, ±×´Â ±â´Ù·È´Ù´Âµí È÷Á×ÀÌ ¿ôÀ¸¸ç ¹æ °¡¿îµ¥ ÀÖ´Â Å×ÀÌºí ¿·¿¡ ¼­ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 


3.  The politician declared that his party
3.  ______________ for social security.
3.  (A) always stood
3.  (B) have always stood
3.  (C) has always stood
3.  (D) had always stood

  • ¾îÈÖ :  politician Á¤Ä¡°¡ / declare ¼±¾ðÇÏ´Ù, ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ´Ù / social security »çȸº¸Àå / stand for ~ ~À» ÁöÁöÇÏ´Ù 
     
  • ÇØ¼³ :  ÁÖÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ °ú°ÅÇü declaredÀ̹ǷÎ, declaredÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾îÀΠthatÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â °ú°Å³ª °ú°Å¿Ï·á°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­´Â Àǹ̻ó °è¼ÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ú°Å¿Ï·á°¡ ¾²¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 
     
  • Á¤´ä :  (D) ±× Á¤Ä¡°¡´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Á¤´çÀÌ »çȸº¸ÀåÀ» Ç×»ó ÁöÁöÇØ ¿Ô´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù. 


4.  The road was very muddy because it
3.  _______________ all night.
3.  (A) has been raining
3.  (B) rained
3.  (C) had been raining
3.  (D) would rain

  • ¾îÈÖ :  muddy ÁøÈëÀÇ, ÁúôÇÑ
     
  • ÇØ¼³ :  ¶¥ÀÌ ÁøÈë Åõ¼ºÀ̰¡ µÈ °ÍÀº ºñ°¡ ¿Ô±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ½Ã°£»óÀ¸·Î ºñ°¡ ¿Â °ÍÀÌ ¶¥ÀÌ ÁøÈë Åõ¼ºÀ̰¡ µÈ °Íº¸´Ù ¾Õ¼±´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ because°¡ À̲ô´Â ºÎ»çÀýÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â °ú°Å¿Ï·á°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
     
  • Á¤´ä :  (C) ¹ã»õ ºñ°¡ ¿Ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±æÀº ¸Å¿ì Áúô°Å·È´Ù.

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